D. Experimental Design 

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D-1 Distinguish between dependent and independent variables. 

D-2 Distinguish between internal and external validity. 

D-3 Identify the defining features of single-subject experimental designs (e.g., individuals serve as their own controls, repeated measures, prediction, verification, replication). 

D-4 Describe the advantages of single-subject experimental designs compared to group designs. 

D-5 Use single-subject experimental designs (e.g., reversal, multiple baseline, multielement, changing criterion). 

D-6 Describe rationales for conducting comparative, component, and parametric analyses.